Pinciples of Bisuness and Administration free essay sample

You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Jason Wright Section 1 – Know the employment rights and responsibilities of the employee and employer 1. Identify four main points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible, use an example contract to support your answer (feel free to obscure any confidential information). There are many points that should be included in an employment contract. We will write a custom essay sample on Pinciples of Bisuness and Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Four main points that must be included are: 1. Employers name 2. Employee’s name 3. Date the employment is to commence 4. Address that the main employment will take place. An example of a Contract of Employment is attached. 2a) List three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business environment 1. Health and Safety. 2. Pay and Pensions 3. Employment Rights and Responsibilities. 2b) List three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment. 1. Health and Safety. 2. Employment Rights and Responsibilities. 3. Data Protection. 3. Identify a range of places where a person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least two internal and two external sources of information. There are several sources where a person can find information on Employment Rights and Responsibilities. These can be through both internal and external sources. Internal Sources would include Trade union representatives, line managers, staff association representatives and informed colleagues. External sources may include Citizen Advice Bureau (CAB), legal professionals, libraries, Advisory, conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) and the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC). 4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees A good example of how a representative body can support an employee is through an internal source such as a trade union. These often large organisations represent the interests of their members and can offer assistance through work based representatives. They also have regional and expertise that they can call on. Union representatives have a right to paid time to help employee’s in such areas as Health and Safety, pensions, collective redundancies and collective bargaining to name a few. 5. Briefly describe employer and employee responsibilities for equality and diversity in a business environment. You should give at least two employer responsibilities and two employee responsibilities. If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. Employers have the legal obligation to treat all employees equally, for example, if a male and a female employee are carrying out the same duties within a company then the law states that there should be no discrimination between the two and both parties must be treated equally, pay must be the same and both given the same amount of benefits. This ruling can also be applied to diversity laws. If an employee is from a different ethnic or religious background then the employer must adopt the same posture as before and not discriminate against the employee just because they could be perceived as different from the norm. Every employee has a personal responsibility for their actions and must ensure that they are sensitive to others around them. Employees must remember that all people are different whether that is a difference in their gender or their religious background. Every employee should ensure they treat others how they would be expected to be treated themselves. 6. Briefly explain the benefits of making sure equality and diversity procedures are followed in a business environment. Your answer should include one benefit for the employer, one benefit for the employee and one benefit for the overall organisation. The benefits to an organisation in making sure they follow equality and diversity procedures will mean that the company is falling in line with the Laws of the nation, and ensure that the company will be free from claims against the company. For the employee the benefits would mean a better working environment where each employee understands the differences of those working around them, this in turn will benefit the employer as a happier working environment will produce a happier and more productive workforce. Section 2 – Understand the purpose of health, safety and security procedures in a business environment 1. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for health, safety and security. If possible, provide relevant health, safety and security policies / documents from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. The employer holds overall responsibility for implementing all Health, Safety (Health and Safety at Work Act 1974) and security (Data Protection Act 1998, Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988) legislation and guidelines within the workplace. It is the employer’s responsibility to provide a safe clean working environment for all its employees to work in. Employee’s have the responsibility to follow company guidelines with regards to the laid down legislation. By taking ownership of their own responsibilities they can help promote the health, safety and security of not only themselves but also their colleagues. Carrying out their own risk assessment of tasks and managing the associated risks appropriately. 2. Explain the purpose of following health, safety and security procedures in a business environment. By following laid down health, safety and security procedures in a business environment will help maintain a safe and secure workplace. This will help minimise the risk of accidents and injuries to themselves and others and reducing the risk of losing possible sensitive or personal information. 3. Describe three different ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment. Three ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment can be achieves by the following methods: 1. Ensuring that employees use and wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when carrying out task that may require it, making sure that the PPE being used is correctly fitted and is fit for the task being carried out. 2. If working in an environment where food is being handled employers must ensure that employees are fully conversant with hygiene procedures and that they are being implemented correctly. 3. When working with IT equipment employees are to ensure that security guidelines are being adhered to i. e. passwords are kept secure and that Security Operating Procedures (SyOPs) are being followed correctly. Section 3 – Understand how to communicate effectively with others 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of different methods of communication. You should include two verbal, two non-verbal and two written methods of communication. Methods of communication Description Verbal communication 1. Person to Person or face to face, this is where two people with engage in conversation with each other and pass information. 2. Telephone conversations, this is where two or more people converse through the medium of telephone communications, similar to face to face apart from you cannot see the person you are talking to. Non-verbal communication 1. Body Language can be used to express emotions and feelings without the use of language. For example facial expressions can tell a person a lot about how another is feeling i. e. if someone is smiling then this normally indicates they are happy 2. Tone of voice, tone of voice along with body language can also determine the way a person is feeling. If someone is shouting they are either conveying a warning or trying to attract attention to themselves or they may be angry. Written communication 1. Email, emails are an electronic method of communicating via computer. It is a sterile way of communicating as you do not get to interact with the sender of the information. 2. Written reports, written reports and are normally completed on paper very similar to email and you will not interact with the author. 2. Using two specific examples, explain how to choose the most appropriate method of communication to meet your needs and the needs of others. When communicating with others consideration should be given to understanding what the other person wants to know and what they need to know. You must try to understand how they would prefer the information to be delivered i. e. verbal communication or written communication. People are different and have different preferences in the way they receive information. 3. Describe at least two ways of actively listening. Two ways of actively listening is to engage with the person you are listening to, look at the speaker and focus on what is being said. Do not interrupt them whilst they are speaking, instead write notes for questions you may have regarding points you feel you may need to clarify. Section 4 – Understand how to work with and support colleagues 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing standards for your own work. Give at least two reasons. By agreeing standards of your own with line managers or supervisors prior to work that is undertaken allows each party to understand what the required standards are and what needs to be achieved and that no ambiguity exists. There are many standards that work can be judged by that are used in the business environment, for example Quality Assurance standards, behavioural standards and wastage standards. If both parties have a good understanding of these standards then work will be produced to a higher quality and without errors. 2. Explain the purpose of taking on new challenges and being able to adapt to change at work. By taking on new challenges it allows us to grow as individuals and avoids becoming stagnated in what we do. Taking on new things helps us push ourselves and gives us the opportunity to try new things. Being able to adapt to change at work can demonstrate to your employer that you are flexible and willing to embrace new things. This can only have a positive effect on you as an individual as your employer will be more likely to trust you with new task and ultimately responsibilities which could result in promotion. 3. Explain the purpose of treating others with honesty and consideration. Treating others with honesty and consideration will earn you peoples trust and respect. If people trust you they are more than likely going to be happier to work with you; and be more honest and open with you with regards to work issues. If others trust you they will share information with you because they will feel you don’t have an agenda and feel like they are part of the team. If you have good team work in the workplace then it will be a happier place to work and in turn become more efficient. Section 5 – Know how to plan own work and be accountable to others 1. Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when completing tasks in a business environment. Meeting work standards and deadlines will ensure any work carried out will be to the correct specifications and delivered on time. By constantly hitting deadlines to the correct standards will enhance confidence and reduce possible supervision. It will help to improve the employer employee working relationship because the employer will have more trust in the employee’s abilities and help build teamwork. 2. Describe two different methods that you can use to plan your own work in a business environment. One way you can plan your work is by using a â€Å"things to do† or check off list, these can be a very useful and effective planning tool. By noting down and crossing off different milestones as they’re met can aid in the successful progression of tasks. Another way is having an open or shared diary. This can be used by different personnel to plan different task at different times, and will allow others to see what deadlines they may have to work too. 3. Describe ways of keeping other people informed about progress and compare their effectiveness. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each approach? There a several ways that a business can keep others informed of progress below are some examples: 1. Meetings are a good way of getting all those involved in a project together to discuss how things are progressing, the down sides to this can be, key players not being able to attend and possibly taking a large amount of people away from their place of work all at the same time. 2. Written reports are also a good way of communicating progress to others as the information contained within has less chance of being misinterpreted. Possible drawbacks could be the length of time it takes to prepare the document and unless a comprehensive distribution list is drawn up then some employees could be missed. Section 6 – Understand the purpose of improving own performance in a business environment and how to do so 1. Explain the purpose of continuously improving your performance in a business environment. By continuously improving your performance you are pushing yourself to produce better quality work and ensuring that organisational standards are met, possibly even exceeded. This can be beneficial to the employee and employer equally, if your employer sees that you are striving to be the best you can be you are more likely to stand out from your colleagues when it comes to promotion, in turn if you are producing your best work this can only benefit the business on a whole. 2. Describe at least two ways of improving your performance at work. Where relevant, illustrate your answer with specific examples from your own experience. 1. Attending training courses – by attending training courses I have been able to learn new skills and help my team perform to a better standard. 2. Learning from others – on job training can be a valuable tool when improving your performance. By shadowing a work colleague I was able to quickly learn basic skills from an experienced member of the business which allowed me to start functioning faster than if I had to wait for a training course. 3. Appraisals – By attending regular appraisal individuals can get constructive feedback on performance whether that is good or bad. Areas of weakness can be identified and appropriate remedial plans put in place to address those issues. 3. Briefly describe at least two different types of career pathways that may be available to you. There are several career paths one could take in the business administration sector, possible careers could be as a secretary, administration manager, personal assistant or a team leader. Section 7 – Understand the types of problems that may occur in a business environment and how to deal with them 1. Identify at least two different types of problems that can occur in a business environment. Two types of problems that can occur are as follows: 1. Staff shortages – The business may suffer as a consequence of a key player in a project being absent through illness or holiday. 2. Deadlines – deadlines may not be met due to staff shortages or lack of resources or unrealistic timescales being implemented. 2. Complete the table below by describing at least two specific problems that can occur at work and how they can be dealt with. Problem Dealing with the problem 1. Staff Shortage Having a robust plan in place where a colleague is able to provide cover for the missing employee. Longer term advanced planning could see temporary staff employed to cover for longer periods of absence i. e. maternity leave. 2. Missing deadlines By redeploying members of staff to help reach approaching deadlines. Re-evaluating organisational procedures and standards, setting realistic and achievable deadlines. 3. Complete the table below by listing at least two problems you are able to deal with yourself and two problems you would need to refer to others to deal with (and how you would refer these problems). Problems I can deal with: Problems I would need to refer to others: How are problems referred to others? 1. Simple equipment issues i. e. replacing paper in printers or ink cartridges. 1. Complex equipment issues. Terminal not turning on or booting up. Report it by the appropriate means to the relevant department. 2. Minor changes in organisational procedures. 2. Major changes to organisational procedures. I would refer this issue to my supervisor or line manager. Clarification may need to be sort on major changes to procedures so employees are fully aware of the changes. Unit two: Principles of providing administrative services Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 9 pages and is made up of 9 Sections. Name: Jason Wright Section 1 – Understand how to make and receive telephone calls 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of at least two different features of a telephone system and how / when they would be used. Feature How / when used 1. Answerphone Normally accessed by pressing the number 1. It enables you to access messages left by others for you. 2. Conference call This enables you to speak to more than one person at the same time. 2. Prepare a brief report advising people on: How to follow organisational procedures when making and receiving telephone calls The purpose of giving a positive image of yourself and your organisation when making and receiving telephone calls. If possible, use specific information from procedures in your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with). When making a call the caller must remember to be polite and introduce themselves to the person who answers. Remember you are representing the company and that first impressions count. You should always try to portray the company in the best possible light and should always act in a professional manner. When receiving a call the person answering must: Attempt to answer the call as soon as possible before it rings off (this call could be the most important of the day) Answer with good morning/afternoon The name of the company Your name And how you may be of assistance If the person they have called for is not there be sure to take the name of the caller their number and any message they may wish to leave. Section 2 – Understand how to handle mail 1. Explain the purpose of correctly receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages (both incoming and outgoing). Receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages is an essential part of any successful business. To run an efficient business a good system for the sorting of incoming and outgoing mail must be employed. If mail is not sorted and distributed correctly throughout the workplace then things can get delayed or worst case, missing. If this happens it can have a detrimental effect on the business and could ultimately end up in the loss of orders or customers. 2. Complete the table below with the following information: At least two examples of internal mail services that are available to organisations At least two examples of external mail services that are available to organisations Internal mail services External mail services 1. Organisation staff 1. Royal Mail 2. Organisation staff in vans 2. DHL 3. Describe two methods that you can use to calculate postage charges for mail and / or packages. You can calculate the postage charge for items either by weight of the size of the item that needs to be posted and how quickly you want it to get there. The bigger the item the more it will cost, the quicker you want it to get to its destination the higher the price. Section 3 – Understand how to use different types of office equipment 1. Describe the main types of equipment found in offices and how they are used. Include examples of at least three different types of office equipment. Printer – used to transfer electronic information and pictures from computers (soft copies) and usually printed onto paper (hard copies) Photocopier – used to produce multiple copies of documents as it cheaper and faster than printing using a laser printer. Scanner – reverse process to a printer. Hard copies are scanned and the image is usually transferred to a computer and turned into soft copy. 2. Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions when using equipment. By following the manufacturers’ guidelines you will guarantee that the equipment is being used correctly and to its full potential. This will also ensure that manufacturers’ warranties are maintained; and the equipment performs to the standards that it is designed to do. It will also prolong the life of the equipment and ensure a valuable resource is always available for use. 3. Explain the purpose of keeping equipment clean, hygienic and ready for the next user. More often than not office equipment will be shared amongst a number of colleagues. This could range from phones through to such things as headsets. By keeping the items clean will minimise the risk of infection and the spread of germs to othersr0. If equipment is looked after and kept clean it will function better for longer. You should leave equipment in the state that you would want to find it. Section 4 – Understand how to keep waste to a minimum in a business environment 1. Explain why waste should be kept to a minimum in a business environment. Waste should be kept to a minimum because it can have a long-term affect on the business. Businesses can spend a large amount of time and money to dispose of excessive waste and may promote a wasteful culture in employees. Most businesses will seek to keep waste to a minimum as this constitutes good business practice. 2. Identify at least two main causes of waste in a business environment. Not correctly checking a document properly before it is mass produced is one form of waste as all the resources involved will have been used with no end product. Delivering food items too early may result in food going cold and delivering to late may result in the consumer making other arrangements and no longer requiring the food, thus leaving the business with unwanted food products. 3. How can you keep waste to a minimum in a business environment? Describe at least two ways of doing this. Taking the time to read through documents before it is massed produced for errors will help to eradicate any errors that maybe contained within. Delivering food items when required and to the standard expected and not too early or too late will ensure the consumer is happy. Section 5 – Know how to make arrangements for meetings 1. Complete the table below listing at least two different types of meetings and describing the main features of each type of meeting. Type of meeting Main features Information Exchange The main feature is disseminating information to an audience. Can range from an informal meeting to a large conference. Problem solving Used to brainstorm and solve problems. Can be face to face, informal, spur of the moment or regular meetings. Decision Making Meetings where decisions are made. Can range from AGMs, board meetings, regular meetings to spur of the moment meetings. 2. When arranging a meeting: What sources and types of information are typically needed? How should meetings be arranged? When arranging a meeting consideration should be given to the following: Size of venue for the amount of people attending. Will there be anyone there that may have special requirements and access to venue. Suitable amount of chairs and tables for attendees to use. Will there be a need for resources i. e. Projectors, pens, pads, Internet connectivity etc. Will refreshments be required if the meeting is scheduled to be long When arranging a meeting the following points should be followed: 1. Find out about and confirm the meeting brief. 2. Confirm the venue, equipment and catering requirements. 3. Produce the agenda and meeting papers. 4. Invite attendees and send them the agenda. 5. Confirm attendance. 6. Make sure attendees’ needs are met. 7. Make amends to correct any needs for requirements, such as catering. 8. Collate and dispatch papers for the meeting within agreed timescales. 9. Produce spare copies of meeting papers. 10. Arrange the equipment and layout of the room. Section 6 – Understand procedures for organising travel and accommodation arrangements 1. Explain the purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation. Confirming instructions will ensure that things run smoothly and all requirements are put in place before a journey is undertaken. 2. Complete the table below with an outline of the main types of business travel and accommodation arrangements that may need to be made and the procedures that should be followed when doing this. Travel and accommodation arrangements Procedures Hire car Book Hire car with hire car company. Ensure hire company knows where to drop off/pick up if appropriate. Taxi Make sure the taxi is booked, ensure they are sure of pick up times, and pick up address and destination. Plane Make sure the ticket is booked and the appropriate level of class is booked. Consideration should be made for travel arrangements to and from airport. Hotel Make sure that a hotel is booked and is adequate for the needs of the individual. Location of hotel should be checked to ensure it suitable. 3. Explain the purpose of keeping records of travel / accommodation arrangements in a business environment. Good record keeping is essential for a business to run efficiently and remain organised. Keep records on financial outlay will help a business to remain in Budget. It will allow them to assess the effectiveness of companies that they use for travel by being able to compare cost and service. Section 7 – Understand diary management procedures 1. Briefly explain the purpose of using a diary system to plan activities at work. Give at least two reasons. Using a diary serves as a good way to keep information all in one place. It is an excellent organisational tool for keeping track of such things as meetings, training days and holidays for example. By using a shared diary others within the organisation can see what an individual ahs planned in the near and distant future. It allows others to book meetings and book holidays and days off. 2. Identify the information needed to maintain a diary system in the workplace. Information is key to keeping a successful diary, if a diary is not populated with useful, valid and up to date information then it will fail. Key information that should be included for instance: Who: Who is the meeting with? What: What is the meeting about? When: When is the meeting? Where: Where is the meeting? Why: Why are you having the meeting? Section 8 – Understand the purpose of delivering effective customer service and how to do so 1. What are the differences between internal and external customers in a business environment? The difference between external and internal customers is thus; external customers are other businesses or organisations that your business will supply or their company works for yours or supplies you. Internal customers are ones that you supply and work for the same employer. 2. Explain why customer service should meet or exceed customer expectations. Include at least three reasons in your answer. Customer service should be meet or exceeded as the customer is the most important part of a business, without customers businesses will fail. Giving good customer service and customer satisfaction will help ensure: Repeat business Customer loyalty Recommendations to others Good publicity Sense of trust Greater job security. Business growth 3. Explain the importance of building positive relationships with customers. Outline two ways in which this can be achieved. It is important to build customer relationships as this will help build trust between the customer and the business. If you have a good relationship with a customer then they are more likely to choose your business over a company that provide the same service. This can be achieved by going that extra mile in your customer service and making the customer feel that they are special to you and you value their custom. By personalising your professional relationship with them, finding out their first name and using it where you think appropriate. Little touches can mean a lot to customers and if you make them feel special then they will want to keep coming back. 4. How do customers demonstrate their own needs and expectations? There are several ways that customers can be encouraged to give feedback on a company’s performance these can come in the form of focus groups, customer feedback forms, verbal feedback and customer complaints. Section 9 – Understand the purpose of reception services and how to follow reception procedures 1. What is the purpose of the receptionist role as the first point of contact in a business environment? The purpose of the receptionist is to be the first point of contact. They are there to Welcome visitors Give an appropriate greeting Handle enquiries Provide relevant information about the organisation Keep a tidy and well organised reception area Keep accurate visitor records Monitor access into and out of the building by visitors Liaise with other departments Handle any visitor problems professionally Do any related administrative duties. 2. Describe how a receptionist can present a positive image of themselves and the organisation and explain why this is important. The role of the receptionist in a business is vitally important. They are often the first person a new customer will see and engage with. If a receptionist acts in a professional manner then it will then it will reflect well on the business as a whole. If a receptionist is well dressed, politely spoken and efficient in the handling of customers then this will give a positive and professional outlook. 3. In relation to your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with), explain what must be done when carrying out entry, departure, security and confidentiality procedures in a reception area. When entering a building the reception area must be placed so each individual entering the building must go through the reception area. Visitors must be signed in and out of the building and asked who they wish to see. This acts not only as a record of who has entered the building but also serves a record of who has visited. If there is a secure area of the building they are required to visit then they may need to be escorted, the receptionist can call a member of the appropriate department to come and act as an escort. The receptionist can also brief any visitors on any health and safety issues or security guidelines that need to be adhered too. Unit three: Principles of managing information and producing documents Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for refer

Frances Economy essays

Frances Economy essays A country may describe itself as having a market, command, or traditional economy when really they have a mix of all three. France is a good example of a country with all three of these economic systems. The government controls a lot of things about the economy. Many people also control parts of the economy. French people are also traditional in some of the ways that they run the economy. The French government has a major influence in the economy in France. The government retains considerable influence over key segments of the economy including the majority of the ownership of railways, electricity, aircraft, telecommunication firms, public transportation and the defense industry. This makes the French government like a command economic system where the government owns all the companies. The government also encourages economic equity by not cutting unemployment and retirement benefits which impose a heavy tax burden. This would disproportionately benefit the rich and the leaders of France are dedicated to maintain equity. This makes the government seem even more like a command system since under a command system everyone gets paid about the same amount of money and no one can get economically ahead of others. This also resembles a command economic system. However, the French government is also a lot like a market economic system. The government has been decreasing its control over a lot of sectors they once owned since the 1990s. The government is slowly selling off holdings in France Telecom, in Air France, and in the insurance and, banking. There is also private ownership of business. this resembles a market economy where there is private ownership of all the business. There is also a high unemployment rate because in market economies there is uncertainty to who does which jobs. This shows the market side of Frances economy. France also has its part of a traditional economi ...

The Luck of Roaring Camp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Climate Change in the Holocene period

Climate Change in the Holocene period Wai Kai Choi Executive Summary This assignment is about is the climate change in Holocene period the most important cause of the development of agriculture and I will discuss others area as well like people and plants. The three areas I have chosen to discuss is East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and America. Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinals  and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated  species created food surpluses  that nurtured the development of civilization. Contents (Jump to) Agriculture Species Climate Change East Asia Sub-Saharan Africa America Conclusion Bibliography Agriculture For a large food production through leaving of hunting and gathering because the animal is killed, which cannot reproduce and for agriculture it will continue to produce by nature. People have been forced to agriculture because they think it is more labour intensive than hunting and gathering, and they had no alternative. It has been developed because of people desire by wanting special status foods, which is what the social need and want to generate our lives by competition with other that normal will produce power by having desire for new statuses and new things. Figure 1: The origins and spread of agriculture (Scarre, D. 2013, p189) The demographic theory suggested that people need to adopt agriculture follow by the end of the ice age and the rise in world population. Agriculture did not start during the Pleistocene because the cold, glacial climate was not favourable to it. Agriculture was impossible in the Pleistocene ice age because the climate was extremely cold and dry, containing higher levels of carbon dioxide, and varied greatly sometimes in periods of a decade or less. (Scarre, D. 2013, p186) Species Figure 2: Summary of the numbers of megafaunal genera (Perspectives in (human) ecology, 2007) The Holocene death includes the disappearance of megafauna, which is the end of the Ice Age that, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago. This may have been due to the loss of the mammoth  that had maintained grasslands  that became birch forests without the mammoths. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation  of modern humans  which led to climate change. Climate Change The world is getting warmer by the temperatures has risen upon an average 2 to 5 oC and the Arctic sea ice is getting less, which will cause a rise in sea level. Holocene Climatic Optimum is describing the earlier southern warm period, which is between 8,000 to 10,500 years ago that was immediately following the end of the last ice age. (Scarre, D. 2013, p177) Figure 3: Temperature changes (Brahea Axel,2013) The key reason on agriculture developed is the relationship between human and the environment which is suggested by Oasis theory. The climate became warmer, causing vegetation to increase and shift from one type to another. People adapted to this by changing the foods they ate and altering their lifestyle. Many people began to domesticate plants and animals at this time, both as a direct and indirect response to climate change, thus the origin of agriculture. (Scarre, D. 2013, p186) End of Ice Age the climate changes, which the human response is established to save Antarctica by every land of the globe for agriculture that the human societies increasingly prolific and new forms of social and economic activity developed. East Asia In 8,000 years ago, Northern China has been the domestication centre for foxtail millet and broomcorn millet, these are the species that they have produced and in 7,500 years ago these species is widely cultivated in the Yellow River basin. Later on in Southern China rice was domesticated and in Northern China 5,000 years ago, they domesticated soybean, then around 2,500 BC orange and peach has originated in China. The climate change has an impact in China, which created higher rainfall and warm temperate forest belts. (Wikipedia, 2014) The vegetation experienced different changes over the Holocene in various sub-regions. Near the boundary between modern forest and temperate steppe in Northeast China, forest showed clear expansion in the middle Holocene. In central China near the boundary between forest and desert, vegetation showed various patterns at different sites. Further west of the Tibetan Plateau near the boundary between highland meadow and desert, forest expanded at most sites during the early and middle Holocene. Our synthesis indicates that the climate in the marginal region was slightly moist in the early Holocene, wettest in the middle Holocene, and dry in the late Holocene, though there are regional differences as reflected by vegetation change. This general pattern is very different from either monsoon- or westerly-dominated regions. The maximum moisture occurred during the early Holocene in the monsoon region, while the arid central Asia dominated by the westerlies was dry in the early Holocene and wettest in the mid-Holocene. The interplay of the Asian summer monsoon, westerlies, topography and regional vegetation factors might have contributed to this spatial complexity. It is hard for people to stop hunting and gathering to change it to agriculture because there are forms of wild and animal to be domesticated. This intensive gather together of a very limited number of species just by hunting and gathering. â€Å"This transition from gazelle hunting to sheep and goat herding, where it seems that gazelle never were brought into the domesticated category and that when domesticated animals come into use it’s actually replaced by sheep and goat.† (Watkins, T, 2014). Sub-Saharan Africa There are three areas, which are independently developing agriculture is Ethiopian highlands, Sahei and West Africa. In Ethiopian highlands the most famous domesticated is coffee out of all the other domesticated that are khat, ensete, noog, teff and finger millet. For Sahel domesticated are sorghum and pearl millet. The first domesticated in West Africa is kola nut, which has become an ingredient in Coca Cola and the other domesticated is oil palm, African rice and yams. (Wikipedia, 2014) In Africa agriculture have been they cultivated for millennia came after their domestication elsewhere. The re-domesticated in Africa 5,000 years ago in a place called Papua New Guinea they have domesticated taro and Asian yams. African Humid Period is a wetter period of time due to a strengthening of the African monsoon by changes in summer radiation, which is between 16,000 and 6,000 years ago. In Green Sahara during this period, it has produced numerous of lakes by the rainfall of nature that have contain the wild animal of crocodiles and hippopotamus fauna, this is caused by climate change, it has an effect on the species of agriculture and animal. South Africas southern coastal margin is recognised as being a highly dynamic climatic region that plays a critical role in both regional and global atmospheric and oceanic circulation dynamics. Our understanding of the past dynamics of this system, however, has been limited by the number and nature of datasets available that can be used to infer changes in key climatic parameters in the region. Combined, a negative relationship is apparent between temperature and humidity in this area of the southern Cape, and these changes can for the first time be clearly linked to variations in Antarctic sea-ice extent and shifts in the southern westerly storm track. This dynamic is a reduction in sea-ice extent and a southward shift of the westerlies are manifested regionally by increased temperatures and a phase of marked aridity. America In early 8,000 to 6,000 BC in Mesoamerica has domesticated is corn, beans and squash, but the beans came later on in 4,000 BC, also South America has domesticated potatoes and manioc. Around 2,500 BC they have grown sunflower, sumpweed and goosefoot in America. People in this regional most of them relied on hunting and gathering for millennia, which farming life have not been developed until the second millennium BC. (Wikipedia, 2014) The first peak of the warmth in North Amercia from 11,000 to 9,000 years ago when the Laurentide ice sheet is still chilled, then 4,000 years later it has experienced warming, which the temperature suddenly rises and the ice sheet slowly melt. Three other factors must be added to this is complex solar cycles, Earths orbital variations, it also called Milankovitch cycles, which occur over intervals of tens to hundreds of thousands of years, and different rates of change and climatic conditions depending on location. The retreat of the continental glaciers of the Wisconsinan stage began in central North America around 10,000 years ago, but it did not occur in northern Canada and Alaska until nearly 6000 years ago. The retreat has yet to occur in Greenland. Sea level rise from the melting of the glaciers affected coastal areas globally, so much so that in the late 1800s, some scientists believed that this sea level rise should be the defining characteristic of the Holocene. Conclusion For this report question I agree with it that I think the development of agriculture is the beginning Holocene period the climate change, which has an affect the globe by the temperature have been rise that have caused the ice sheet slowly melt, which will cause the sea level rise and it has produced warmer and wetter weather. This is a great time for develops agriculture because to grow food from the ground, it need water, which is the rain and sun, which make the earth warmer. It is the most important cause of agriculture to production more different types of food and the large species is disappearing by the climate change, this mean animal is dying by an animal not produce enough to keep a life in this period and condition of the environment is not suitable for them. Bibliography Axel, B., 2013. Mini Ice Age?. [Online] Available at: http://www.palmtalk.org/forum/index.php?/topic/39737-mini-ice-age/page-7 [Accessed 04 12 2014]. human-macroecology blogspot, 2007. Perspectives In (Human) Ecology. [Online] Available at: http://human-macroecology.blogspot.co.uk/2007/10/background-how-humans-alter.html [Accessed 01 12 2014]. Perkins, P., Scarre, C. Watkins, T., 2014. Track 2. [Sound Recording] (The Open Univeristy). Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 177-199. Watkins, T., 2014. Track 2. [Sound Recording] (The Open University). Wikipedia, 2014. Neolithic Revolution. [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution [Accessed 01 12 2014]. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp.189. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 177. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 186.

Chance in Philosophy Essay -- essays research papers

Chance in Philosophy Boethius' â€Å"The Consolation of Philosophy† demonstrates many thoughts and ideas that Boethius had while he was imprisoned at Ravenna. Boethius wrote of his â€Å"conversations† with lady Philosophy, who came to help cure him during his sentence. Throughout the book, she explained (or reminded) Boethius of many things such as the nature of power and the nature of fame. Many things that she explains in the beginning of the book can be summed together with the thought that God governs everything. God, though not the afterlife, is a very important theme in â€Å"The Consolation of Philosophy†. One part of this theme that I have looked at is whether God orders the world totally, or there is chance in our lives. Boethius explained, "Whenever something is done for some purpose, and for certain reasons something other than what was intended happens, it is called chance." (p. __) So is it that there is no chance in life, or do we truly have free will? I beli eve that there is a concept of chance in our lives, and even though God may know what is going to happen to us, that does not necessarily mean that he made the choice for us. "For example, if someone began to dig the ground in order to cultivate a field and found a cache of buried gold... Neither the man who buried the gold, nor the man who was tilling the field intended the discovery of the money, but, as I said, it happens as a result of the coincidence that the one began to dig where the other had buri... Chance in Philosophy Essay -- essays research papers Chance in Philosophy Boethius' â€Å"The Consolation of Philosophy† demonstrates many thoughts and ideas that Boethius had while he was imprisoned at Ravenna. Boethius wrote of his â€Å"conversations† with lady Philosophy, who came to help cure him during his sentence. Throughout the book, she explained (or reminded) Boethius of many things such as the nature of power and the nature of fame. Many things that she explains in the beginning of the book can be summed together with the thought that God governs everything. God, though not the afterlife, is a very important theme in â€Å"The Consolation of Philosophy†. One part of this theme that I have looked at is whether God orders the world totally, or there is chance in our lives. Boethius explained, "Whenever something is done for some purpose, and for certain reasons something other than what was intended happens, it is called chance." (p. __) So is it that there is no chance in life, or do we truly have free will? I beli eve that there is a concept of chance in our lives, and even though God may know what is going to happen to us, that does not necessarily mean that he made the choice for us. "For example, if someone began to dig the ground in order to cultivate a field and found a cache of buried gold... Neither the man who buried the gold, nor the man who was tilling the field intended the discovery of the money, but, as I said, it happens as a result of the coincidence that the one began to dig where the other had buri...

Economics 247 Assignment 2 Version A Essay

Economics 247 Assignment 2 Version A This assignment has a maximum total of 100 marks and is worth 10% of your total grade for this course. You should complete it after completing your course work for Units 6 through 10. Answer each question clearly and concisely. 1. In perfect competition, one result of the model was that there were no economic profits in the long run. In a monopoly, the firm typically earns a positive economic profit. Why is there this difference? The lack of barriers to entry will allow competitors to enter the market unil economic profit is zero. These firms are price takers, and they cannot affect prices because their demand curve is horizontal.(4 marks) 2. Assume that a single firm in a pure competitive industry has a fixed cost of $6500 and variable costs as indicated in the table below. a. Calculate the TC, AFC, AVC, ATC, and MC columns for this firm. (5 marks) Total Output TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 00 0 600 70,000 1000 76000 1400 81000 1800 87000 2200 90000 2600 93000 2800 96000 3000 100000 3100 110000 b. Explain the concepts of economies and diseconomies of scale, and describe the underlying reasons why both occur. (4 marks) 3. At its current level of production, a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market receives $12.50 for each unit it produces, and it faces an average total cost of $10. At the market price of $12.50 per unit, the firm’s marginal cost curve crosses the marginal revenue curve at an output level of 1000 units. What is the firm’s current profit? What is likely to occur in this market and why?(4 marks) P=12.5 TR=P*Q = 12.5 * 1’000 = 12’500 TC=ATC*Q = 10 * 1’000 = 10’000 Profit=TR-TC = 12’500 – 10’000 = +2’500 Profit is positive, but for perfectly competitive markets there will be no profits at all in the long-run, so in this markets new firms will enter  market attracted by profits thus increasing market supply and reducing equilibrium price till it reaches close to P=$10, consequently leading to zero economic profits in long-run. For lower price this firm will be pressed to reduce output a bit for new P=MR=MC equilibrium. 4. a.Why would a firm in a perfectly competitive market always choose to set its price equal to the current market price? If a firm set its price below the current market price, what effect would this have on the market? (4 marks) The assumptions of perfect competition that matter here are that in perfect competition 1 every firm is so small compared to the market so as to have no effect on market price 2 everyone is aware of everybody’s price. Now if you set a price lower than the market, you are only cutting your nose to spite your face since you would sell as much as a higher price. (Remember, how much you produce is determined by your MC and the output level you produce at is the minimum MC). Cutting the price to sell more also costs more to produce; you are worse off. If you set a price higher than market, noone will buy from you. Explain how a firm in a competitive market identifies the profit-maximizing level of production. When should the firm raise production, and when should the firm lower production? In a perfectly competitive market, all firms are assumed to be very small compared to the market. Now the price is set at the market level, and as a small firm you take it as given; you couldn’t sell at a higher price since nobody would buy from you. Now in the long run, you should be at the minimum point of your cost curve, ensuring you make just normal profits. The price is your MR and at the minimum point of your AC curve your MC cuts it: MC=MR and AC=AR. If the market price is higher than this, new entrants will sniff the opportunity created by super normal profits and the market supply curve shifts right/up, reducing price until there are no more super ormal profits  to be earned. If market price is lower, then firms are making losses, some exit and supply curve shifts left driving price up. In equilibrium, each firm is producing at the minmum point of the AC, where MC=MR=P. Hence the firm temporarily raises production when P>min AC and makes supernormal profits until new entrants drive price back down; or lowers production temporarily when P

The Thread of History

The Thread of History Any society can be compared to a living organism that gets born, grows and changes according to the time, environment and processes that go on internally. Any group of people has their own beliefs and regulations which are backed up by history, traditions and culture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Thread of History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In any society there are people who get their opinion widely known and they are sometimes called visionaries. For the past twenty years, society has experienced many rapid changes, and thinkers and writers often offered their opinions, as to what is going on under the surface and where the present world is going to be in the future. All societies have intricate traditions and structures with work and leisure time. One of the oldest activities that people are engaged in is sports or any kind of physical games. Steve Craig, in his book titled â€Å"Sports and Games of the Ancients† looks at how societies view games and how they are comprehended personally and socially. One of the important points is that each society has a form of games that are played publicly, for people’s entertainment. Socially, it says several things, as the population is very multifaceted. Primarily, it is that people need a form of entertainment that can be watched live. People are interested in seeing other fellow human beings in action and the key feature of the sport which is its unpredictability makes the viewing even more exciting and desired. The unique nature of games is very original because it cannot be fully predicted and people are drawn to that (Craig 1). Comparing to the television, where people are playing out formed scripts, games are much different. Even though previously, in the early days, there were games and the need for them, people’s interest and commercialization have grown immensely at the onset of television and other m ass media. This led to people wanting more and expecting sights that were non-existent before. It begs a question of why do people really need entertainment and what would happen without it. It is a part of human soul and emotional existence, as without it, people would have work and duties that are a part of the routine and not feelings. A close connection to the pleasures of life is explored by Deborah Blum in her book â€Å"Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection†. Just as people need mass and public entertainment, they need affection and love. This is one of the starting points in life and it very much sets up the rest of a person’s development. It is interesting that the way a person will feel about themselves, others, their ability to be in public places, feel confidence and connection to people; all these things get influenced by how the infant and child are treated.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She mentions Harry Harlow who did experiments with monkeys and was rather successful. The experiments proved that baby monkey sometimes needed affection and â€Å"warmth† of their mother more than food. This and other experiments, as well as the views of Deborah Blum reiterate the fact that people need love and any society must have healthy and loving individuals for the whole nation or country to prosper (Blum 15). In a work titled â€Å"The Pyrotechnic Insanitarium: American Culture on the Brink†, Mark Dery describes a new age of life and society. The twenty first century has brought many changes and the focus can be seen on the rapid development of entertainment but also, on the negatives and short backs of society. The conspiracy theory is mentioned, and people start to realize that in the fast moving world there are things that could be unseen and under the surface. It is somewhat re bated by saying that in reality, there are no conspiracies and the politics are very much openly viewed but it does not seem convincing. The entertainment and pleasures of people are going hand in hand with the horrors that human mind offers. With the increasing crime rates and technological advancement, people are receiving more information and problems to deal with. The heights of human brain power are allowing predicting that the future will bring even more challenges and people will face something that has never been seen before (Dery 30). It is very true that human mind is still a mystery and it is quite difficult to see what people are capable of. Alfred Lubrano discuses another part of the changing world in a book titled â€Å"Limbo: Blue-Collar Roots, White-Collar Dreams†. He especially points to the division between people socially and personally. For as long as there has been humanity, people have had different duties according to own views but also to the world aro und them. The division between the working and the middle class is what Alfred Lubrano talks about. He describes the qualities of people who are born to be a part of the middle class and that there is no way of becoming anything else. It touches upon the moral issue of a person desiring what they want to do in their life but at the same time, creating opportunities to achieve whatever it is they strive to reach. Education is mentioned as an important part of the process in becoming successful and this reflects in the scope of bigger things in society. This is becoming very true in any part of the world, as the evolution of technologies and workforce is delving into a different sphere, uncommon to the previous century. The world is becoming business oriented and there are many individuals who consider it their life’s calling to become a part of it (Lubrano 10).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Thread of History specifically for you for o nly $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vivian Sobchack takes a look at the modern society and examines the future in the work titled â€Å"Carnal Thoughts: Embodiment and Moving Image Culture†. The world is acquiring so many angles and perspectives that it is becoming harder to keep track of. She refers to â€Å"Hansel and Gretel† in relation to the fact that without the â€Å"breadcrumbs† people might become lost (Sobchack 13). This representation is meant to show that people need guidance. The future world has many mysteries and people need organization and each other’s help to find the way. The world is becoming divided into spaces that are foreign and sometimes, unequal. Even though this is an age of knowledge and people’s rights, there is still much to learn, especially in the relationship between people and different groups. Vivian Sobchack qualifies people as being lost in the world, not knowing what to do and how to adjust to the fa st moving pace. There starts to evolve a sort of separation between the world and the masses, and an individual is not aware of what is expected of them regarding themselves and society. People start to create false realities and whatever they think is right, eventually becomes empty space and people are forced to re-think their goals and dreams. Another look at the modern world and the way it is being run is taken by Linda Seger in a book â€Å"Jesus Rode a Donkey: Why Republicans Dont Have the Corner on Christ†. The author compares people’s religious beliefs to the political system and what is expects and required of people (Seger 7). Many are faced with sacrifices that have to be made for the system to prosper. But there is also a different side of the coin, where others get rich at the expense of people who are fulfilling their duty to be a good citizen. Linda Seger reinforces that in order for people to go into the future, they must be understanding and kind to ea ch other. The simplicity of their actions and straightforward manner will create best conditions of life for all human beings. The new age has given people power to vote for their leaders and enjoy the rights and freedoms that are naturally given but is unclear what these freedoms can sometimes bring. All the writers and thinkers have a very common theme that centers on people which is their needs and the evolving society. People want to be happy and keep finding ways of how to enjoy the life. Even though the majority bases their existence on goodness, there are those who want to use the population and gain more than is needed. This leads to an important question of the changing world and the expectancies that people have towards it. It must be just and equal to all and this should be the motto of the future. Blum, Deborah. Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection. New York, United States: Basic Books, 2011. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Craig, Steve. Sports and Games of The Ancients. Westport, United States: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. Print. Dery, Mark. The Pyrotechnic Insanitarium: American Culture on the Brink. New York, United States: Grove Press, 2000. Print. Lubrano, Alfred. Limbo: Blue-Collar Roots, White-Collar Dreams. Hoboken, United States: John Wiley Sons, 2010. Print. Seger, Linda. Jesus Rode A Donkey: Why Republicans Dont Have the Corner on Christ. Avon, United States: Adams Media, 2010. Print. Sobchack, Vivian. Carnal Thoughts: Embodiment and Moving Image Culture. Los Angeles, United States: University of California Press, 2004. Print.

Quotes from Jack Kerouacs On the Road

Quotes from Jack Kerouac's On the Road On the Road  is a stream of consciousness novel written by Jack Kerouac. It is considered a seminal novel of the Beat Generation, famed for their informal style, and these are some of the most famous quotes from this philosophically chronicled journey. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Ch. 1 I was beginning to get the bug like Dean. He was simply a youth tremendously excited with life, and though he was a con-man, he was only conning because he wanted so much to live and to get involved with people who would otherwise pay no attention to him. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 1 They danced down the streets like dingledodies, and I shambled after as Ive been doing all my life after people who interest me, because the only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones that never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn... Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 1 Besides, all my New York friends were in the negative, nightmare position of putting down society and giving their tired bookish or political or psychoanalytical reasons, but Dean just raced in society, eager for bread and love. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 1 Somewhere along the line I knew thered be girls, visions, everything; somewhere along the line the pearl would be handed to me. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 3 And as I sat there listening to that sound of the night which bop has come to represent for all of us, I thought of my friends from one end of the country to the other and how they were really all in the same vast backyard doing something so frantic and rushing-about. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 3 I woke up as the sun was reddening; and that was the one distinct time in my life, the strangest moment of all, when I didnt know who I was- I was far away from home, haunted and tired with travel, in a cheap hotel room Id never seen, hearing the hiss of steam outside, and the creak of the old wood of the hotel, and footsteps upstairs, and all the sad sounds, and I looked at the cracked high ceiling and really didnt know who I was for about fifteen strange seconds. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 7 The air was soft, the stars so fine, the promise of every cobbled alley so great, that I thought I was in a dream. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 9 They were like the man with the dungeon stone and gloom, rising from the underground, the sordid hipsters of America, a new beat generation that I was slowly joining. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 9 We fumed and screamed in our mountain nook, mad drunken Americans in the mighty land. We were on the roof of America and all we could do was yell, I guess- across the night... Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 10 Boys and girls in America have such a sad time together; sophistication demands that they submit to sex immediately without proper preliminary talk. Not courting talk- real straight talk about souls, for life is holy and every moment is precious. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 12 A pain stabbed my heart, as it did every time I saw a girl I loved who was going the opposite direction in this too-big world. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 13 LA is the loneliest and most brutal of American cities; New York gets god-awful cold in the winter but theres a feeling of wacky comradeship somewhere in some streets. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 13 The stars bent over the little roof; smoke poked from the stovepipe chimney. I smelled mashed beans and chili. The old man growled... A California home; I hid in the grapevines, digging it all. I felt like a million dollars; I was adventuring in the crazy American night. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 13 We turned at a dozen paces, for love is a duel, and looked at each other for the last time. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 1, Ch. 13 Isnt it true that you start your life a sweet child, believing in everything under your fathers roof? Then comes the day of the Laodiceans, when you know you are wretched and miserable and poor and blind and naked, and with the visage of a gruesome, grieving ghost you go shuddering through nightmare life. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 3 Whither goest thou, America, in thy shiny car in the night? Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 4 The one thing that we yearn for in our living days, that makes us sigh and groan and undergo sweet nauseas of all kinds, is the remembrance of some lost bliss that was probably experienced in the womb and can only be reproduced (though we hate to admit it) in death. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 4 I like too many things and get all confused and hung-up running from one falling star to another till I drop. This is the night, what it does to you. I had nothing to offer anybody except my own confusion. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 4 I want to be like him. Hes never hung-up, he goes every direction, he lets it all out, he knows time, he has nothing to do but rock back and forth. Man, hes the end! You see, if you go like him all the time youll finally get it. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 5 Life is life, and kind is kind. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 6 We were all delighted, we all realized we were leaving confusion and nonsense behind and performing our one noble function of the time, move. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 6 Why think about that when all the golden lands ahead of you and all kinds of unforeseen events wait lurking to surprise you and make you glad youre alive to see? Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 8 What is that feeling when youre driving away from people and they recede on the plain till you see their specks dispersing?- its the too-huge world vaulting us, and its good-by. But we lean forward to the next crazy venture beneath the skies. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 9 It seemed like a matter of minutes when we began rolling in the foothills before Oakland and suddenly reached a height and saw stretched out ahead of us the fabulous white city of San Francisco on her eleven mystic hills with the blue Pacific and its advancing wall of potato-patch fog beyond, and smoke and goldenness of the late afternoon of time. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 10 And for just a moment I had reached the point of ecstasy that I always wanted to reach, which was the complete step across chronological time into timeless shadows, and wonderment in the bleakness of the mortal realm, and the sensation of death kicking at my heels to move on, with a phantom dogging its own heels... Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 2, Ch. 10 I realized that I had died and been reborn numberless times but just didnt remember because the transitions from life to death and back are so ghostly easy, a magical action for naught, like falling asleep and waking up again a million times, the utter casualness and deep ignorance of it. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 1 At lilac evening I walked with every muscle aching among the lights of 27th and Welton in the Denver colored section, wishing I were a Negro, feeling that the best the white world had offered was not enough ecstasy for me, not enough life, joy, kicks, darkness, music, not enough night. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 1 Then a complete silence fell over everybody; where once Dean would have talked his way out, he now fell silent himself, but standing in front of everybody, ragged and broken and idiotic, right under the lightbulbs, his bony mad face covered with sweat and throbbing veins... Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 4 Holy flowers floating in the air, were all these tired faces in the dawn of Jazz America. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 5 Our final excited joy in talking and living to the blank tranced end of all innumerable riotous angelic particulars that had been lurking in our souls all our lives. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 5 They have worries, theyre counting the miles, theyre thinking about where to sleep tonight, how much money for gas, the weather, how theyll get there- and all the time theyll get there anyway, you see. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 5 Offer them what they secretly want and they of course immediately become panic-stricken. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 5 Our battered suitcases were were piled on the sidewalk again; we had longer ways to go. But no matter, the road is life. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 5 You dont die enough to cry. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 10 Once there was Louis Armstrong blowing his beautiful top in the muds of New Orleans; before him the mad musicians who had paraded on official days and broke up their Sousa marches into ragtime. Then there was swing, and Roy Eldridge, vigorous and virile, blasting the horn for everything it had in waves of power and logic and subtlety- leaning into it with glittering eyes and a lovely smile and sending it out broadcast to rock the jazz world. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 10 Here were the children of the American bop night. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 10 Every now and then a clear harmonic cry gave new suggestions of a tune that would someday be the only tune in the world and would raise mens souls to joy. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 11 Her great dark eyes surveyed me with emptiness and a kind of chagrin that reached back generations and generations in her blood from not having done what was crying to be done- whatever it was, and everybody knows what it was. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 3, Ch. 11 What difference does it make after all?- anonymity in the world of men is better than fame in heaven, for whats heaven? whats earth? All in the mind. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 4, Ch. 1 Whats your road, man?- holyboy road, madman road, rainbow road, guppy road, any road. Its an anywhere road for anybody anyhow. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 4, Ch. 2 Here was a young kid like Dean had been; his blood boiled too much for him to bear; his nose opened up; no native strange saintliness to save him from the iron fate. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 4, Ch. 4 We were already almost out of America and yet definitely in it and in the middle of where its maddest. Hotrods blew by. San Antonio, ah-haa! Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 4, Ch. 5 Behind us lay the whole of America and everything Dean and I had previously known about life, and life on the road. We had finally found the magic land at the end of the road and we never dreamed the extent of the magic. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 4, Ch. 5 In myriad pricklings of heavenly radiation I had to struggle to see Deans figure, and he looked like God. Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 5 I was standing on the hot road underneath an arc-lamp with the summer moths smashing into it when I heard the sound of footsteps from the darkness beyond, and lo, a tall old man with flowing white hair came clomping by with a pack on his back, and when he saw me as he passed, he said, Go moan for man, and clomped on back to his dark. Did this mean that I should at last go on my pilgrimmage on foot on the dark roads around America? Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Part 5 So in America when the sun goes down and I sit on the old broken-down river pier watching the long, long skies over New Jersey and sense all that raw land that rolls in one unbelievable huge bulge over to the West Coast, and all that road going, and all the people dreaming in the immensity of it... and tonight the starsll be out, and dont you know that God is Pooh Bear?

Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Reaction Paper - Essay Example Barber’s argument has attracted criticisms from democratic and capitalistic due to the insufficiency of evidence in support thereof. However, it is necessary to tame the pressures of Jihad and McWorld – as Barber argues – for democracy to thrive. Capitalism is a system of economics grounded on the private ownership of production inputs and capital. Goods and services are produced principally for profit. Goods and services are produced based on the demand and supply in the market (market economy) as opposed to central planning (planned economy). Competition between producers is the main characteristic of capitalism. Barber conducts an examination of the pressures of capitalism, communication systems, and advertising campaigns on the global scale. The world has become such a small village that governments have lost their authority to regulate the affairs of citizens. Barber uses the term â€Å"McWorld† to describe the scenario. Transactions today are concluded with such amazing efficiency and speed that no government of the present day can purport to control (Barber 4). Alongside these international pressures exerted by capitalism and associated practices, individual nations have suffered pressures from within as groups struggle to break free from the regimes in place. Determinism is at its peak in individual nations. The author gives the example of Quebec that has struggled for a long time to break out of Canada. Barber uses the term â€Å"Jihad† to describe this scenario. This term includes both religious factions determined to exert influence in certain regions and ethnic groups struggling to break free from nation-states to whose regimes they are subject. Rebellious movements with no political or religious ambitions are also included in the term. The two terms – McWorld and Jihad – are unbearable forces that the author believes are spirited attempts by the individual to define his or her place in a

Implication of National Innovation System Essay

Implication of National Innovation System - Essay Example l the levels among the individuals and organizations and the governments usually have a major influence on the innovations via the finances that they avail and the developments of institutions of further learning that will impart the knowledge on the people. The governments then require an outline that covers the concepts and an experimental basis that will gauge if and how their contribution of the public policy to the total innovation of the nation could be made better than it is (Hertog,  P., Remà ¸e,  S., & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001, p. 4). China has made advancements in a lot of things and competes with the US in a number of sectors and also in the military innovations in that they have developed new ways in which their military personnel will get ready and fight in a war so that they win it in a way that is modern. They have also made strides in the development of hardware and software technology for their organizations and also for the individual consumer in a world of innovation that can either be slow or fast and these innovations can happen at the same time or in a specified sequence (Cheung, 2013, p.188). China’s government made a histrionic move in its foreign and economic policy in 1978 and this changed the way that people looked at it from the business point of view making it become a profitable destination for multinational establishments that are from other countries outside China and the international business researchers (Kau & Marsh, 1993, p. 124). The Chinese government employed the use of the foreign direct investment in the 90’s with the intention of stimulating the rate of economic development and the achievement in the attracting the foreign business to start there is in contrast to the their own state owned enterprises that are in debt (Chen,  2011, p. 145). Even though all this that is going on is good for the investors, the unique characteristics of these environment and the implications that will